Alexandria is a major city and urban governorate in Egypt. Once among the greatest cities of the Mediterranean world and a centre of Hellenic scholarship and science, Alexandria was the capital of Egypt from its founding by Alexander the Great in 332 BC until its surrender to the Arab forces in 642 AD. One of Egypt’s largest cities, Alexandria is also its principal seaport and a major industrial centre. The city lies on the Mediterranean Sea at the western edge of the Nile River delta, about 200 km northwest of Cairo in northern Egypt. Alexandria has generally been characterized by cultural ambivalenceinherent in the city’s location extending along a spit of land with its back to Egypt and its face to the Mediterranean. Throughout most of its history, Alexandria has thus remained a cosmopolitan town, belonging as much or perhaps more to the wider Mediterranean world as to its hinterland.
Despite its massive weight, the Eiffel Tower has an airy lattice construction with the seeming lightness of a ballerina on point. The graceful tower is also known as the “Iron Lady.” In 1887, the Journal Officiel launched a competition for a tower to be exhibited at the fair. Entrepreneur Gustave Eiffel, along with architect Stephen Sauvestre and collaborating engineers, submitted the winning project.
In the evening, the Eiffel Tower is among the most magical places to visit in Paris. The landmark is at its most enchanting at night when it is illuminated with Golden Lighting that glows from lamps placed inside the tower’s framework. The effect is truly magical. The Golden Lighting was created by electrician and engineer Pierre Bideau in 1985.
The esplanade at the base of the Eiffel Tower is dominated by four massive pillars, which support the entire weight of the 10,100-ton monument. Gustave Eiffel’s engineers Emile Nouguier and Maurice Koechlin worked on mathematical principles to ensure stability.
The esplanade at the base of the Eiffel Tower is dominated by four massive pillars, which support the entire weight of the 10,100-ton monument. Gustave Eiffel’s engineers Emile Nouguier and Maurice Koechlin worked on mathematical principles to ensure stability.
